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Wood finish is a topic that seems to come up often among woodworkers. There are so many different types of finishes available that it can be confusing to know which one is best for your project. Two of the most popular finishes are Polycrylic and polyurethane. Both have their own unique benefits and drawbacks, so it’s important to know the difference before you choose one for your next project.
The main difference between the two types of wood finish is that Polycrylic is a water-based finish while Polyurethane comes in both an oil-based and water-based finish that provides superior protection against scratches, stains, and wear. However, it dries slowly, has a strong odor, and cleanup requires mineral spirits. Despite these drawbacks, polyurethane is the preferred finish for many woodworkers because it provides the best protection against damage.
Polycrylic, on the other hand, is a water-based finish that dries quickly and has little to no odor. It’s also much easier to clean up since all you need is soap and water. However, it doesn’t provide the same level of protection as polyurethane and is not as durable.
Differences Between Polyurethane and Polycrylic:
Composition and Chemical Makeup
Polyurethane and Polycrylic are composed of distinct materials. The former is a petroleum-based blend comprised of synthetic resins, plasticizers, and additional chemicals; whereas the latter is water-sourced with acrylic polymers being its main component. This discrepancy in composition affects the way each finish sets up, and appears aesthetically, as well as how sturdy it is over time.
Sheen and Appearance
When deciding between Polyurethane and Polycrylic, it’s essential to take into account the final result you desire. If a deeper hue with higher gloss is what you’re looking for, then go with polyurethane; however, if lighter shades and less shine are desired in your project finish, polycrylic should be your choice. Ultimately though it may come down to individual preference.
Drying Time
Not only do Polyurethane and Polycrylic offer various finishes, they also differ in their drying time. For instance, while it may take up to 24 hours for each coat of polyurethane to dry completely, a coating of polycrylic is usually dried within 2-4 hours – perfect for those with tight deadlines.
Durability and Resistance to Scratches and Wear
Polyurethane is a great choice for heavy-duty projects since it forms an impenetrable barrier that resists scratches and wears. Polycrylic can also be reliable, although not as resilient to daily use; however, this option still makes sense when the project won’t endure too much activity.
Application Method and Tools Required
When it comes to using polyurethane and Polycrylic, the two materials require different techniques for application. For instance, you can use a brush, roller, or sprayer when applying polyurethane; although this product does tend to be thicker in consistency so may need thinning before doing so. Unlike its counterpart, Polycrylic is more fluid in nature – not needing any thinning beforehand – and consequently simpler to clean up due to its water-based composition. All that’s required is some soap and warm water.
Yellowing Over Time
In case you’re looking for a long-lasting, clear, and colorless finish on your project that won’t yellow over time when exposed to sunlight, Polycrylic is the way to go. Unlike polyurethane which tends to discolor and dull with age, this option will maintain its original vibrancy indefinitely.
Odor and Toxicity
Those sensitive to strong odors and chemicals should take note: Polyurethane has a pungent smell and can contain volatile organic compounds, whereas Polycrylic is vastly less offensive in both scent and toxicity. For individuals with allergies or sensitivities, this makes the latter a much more agreeable choice.
Price and Availability
While Polycrylic may be more costly than polyurethane, the price gap between them depends on the exact brand and type of finish you select. Yet, polyurethane is generally simpler to find in stores regardless.
Stainability and Compatibility with Different Wood Types
When it comes to staining, Polycrylic is often the superior choice due to its compatibility with a broader range of wood types and ease of application. In contrast, Polyurethane can be difficult to apply as an even finish and may not work well with certain woods. That’s why you must consult the manufacturer for instructions before using this finishing product.
Flexibility and Ability to Handle Temperature Changes
Polyurethane is a superior finish to Polycrylic in terms of flexibility, making it ideal for surfaces that need the ability to move or bend. Furthermore, this sort of finishing can withstand variance in temperature due to its higher thermal expansion coefficient than other finishes–allowing it to expand and contract without cracking or peeling.
How to Apply Polycrylic In 8 Steps:
Tools Needed for Applying Polycrylic
- Paintbrush
- Sandpaper
- Clean Cloth
- Container
Preparing the Surface
Before you apply Polycrylic, it’s essential to make sure the surface is dust-free and smooth. To do this, use a gentle soap or wood cleaner to cleanse any dirt or grime from the woodwork. Subsequently, sandpaper can be used on rough spots for an even finish. Finally, wipe down with a damp cloth for any leftover particles of dust and debris.
Choosing the Right Type of Polycrylic
When it comes to Polycrylic, you have two distinct options – water-based and oil-based. Water-based is simpler to clean up with just soap and water; plus, the drying time is quicker without any strong odor that accompanies an oil-based. On the other hand, oil-based provides superior protection against scratches or wear while also being longer lasting than a water base option.
Gathering the Necessary Tools and Materials
Before you begin applying Polycrylic, make sure to have a paintbrush, sandpaper, clean cloth, and container on hand. Without these tools and materials ready to go at your disposal the whole process will be much more difficult. Gather what you need beforehand so that when it comes time to start using Polycrylic everything is prepared.
Applying the First Coat of Polycrylic
Using a paintbrush, start from one end and evenly apply a thin layer of Polycrylic to the surface up until you reach the other end. You must brush in the direction of the wood grain to prevent any visible brush strokes. After completing your first coat, wait for it to dry completely before beginning another coat.
Sanding Between Coats
After the initial layer is completely dry, use fine-grit sandpaper to lightly rub down any blemishes and irregularities for a sleek overall finish. Next, use a damp cloth to brush away all dirt from the area before applying future layers of paint. This will help guarantee an even coating with no further clumps or bumps.
Applying Subsequent Coats
To achieve your desired level of finish, apply a couple of coats of Polycrylic in an even and thin layer. Be sure to thoroughly sand each coat before applying the next one and let it dry completely between them. Normally two or three coats should be enough for most projects.
Allowing the Finish to Dry Completely
After applying the final coat of Polycrylic, allow the finish to dry completely before using the surface. This can take anywhere from a few hours to overnight, depending on the type of Polycrylic and the humidity levels in your area.
Buffing and Polishing the Surface
Once the varnish has dried completely, buff and polish it to a glossy luster using fine-grit sandpaper or steel wool. Then clean off any remaining dust with a damp cloth for an even smoother surface.
How to Apply Polyurethane
Polyurethane is a popular wood finish that offers superior protection against scratches, stains, and water damage. It can be used on a variety of wood surfaces, including floors, furniture, and cabinets. Here are the steps to follow when applying Polyurethane:
- Prepare the surface: Before beginning the project, remove any dirt or grime from your wood surface and make sure that it is completely dry. Using fine-grit sandpaper, lightly but evenly sand the wood to achieve a flawless finish.
- Choose the right type of Polyurethane: Make sure you consider your options when it comes to polyurethane – oil-based or water-based. Oil-based Polyurethane needs more time to dry and has a pungent odor, while the latter dries quickly and barely emits any scent.
- Gather the necessary tools and materials: To begin painting with Polyurethane, you will need a brush, roller, or sprayer for application. Additionally, make sure to acquire items such as stir sticks, clean rags, and a paint tray ahead of time. If oil-based Polyurethane is what you are using specifically then mineral spirits must be acquired too to properly tidy up when finished.
- Apply the first coat of Polyurethane: To achieve a streak-free surface, use your brush, roller, or sprayer to apply Polyurethane in an even and uniform layer. Don’t forget to follow the wood grain’s direction for the best results.
- Sand between coats: After the initial coat of Polyurethane has completely dried, use fine-grit sandpaper to lightly abrade the surface. This will enhance adherence and produce an even more smooth finish with subsequent coats.
- Apply subsequent coats: With extra layers of Polyurethane, you have to be patient between coats and make sure each one is entirely dry before applying the next. Depending on your desired outcome and the type of poly product in use, determining how many coats are necessary is essential.
- Allow the finish to dry completely: Once the final coat of Polyurethane has been applied, allow the finish to dry completely. This can take anywhere from a few hours to several days, depending on the type of Polyurethane and the humidity levels.
- Buff and polish the surface: After the finish is dried and hardened, a light sanding with fine-grit sandpaper will create an even surface for buffing. With just a simple cloth you can easily achieve a sleek and glossy appearance to your project.
Pros and Cons of Oil-Based vs Water-Based Finishes
Oil-based and water-based finishes have their respective advantages and disadvantages, and it’s important to consider both options before choosing a finish for your project. Here are 6 pros and cons of each type of finish:
Oil-Based Finish:
Pros:
- Durable: Oil-based finishes provide a greater degree of resilience and protection against scratches and general wear than their water-based counterparts.
- Rich Color: A warm, deep radiance can be achieved with oil-based finishes on wood, vividly revealing the natural beauty and coloring of your project.
- Easy to Apply: Compared to other finishes, oil-based ones are much easier to apply and they provide superior coverage that needs only a few coats. The finish is also spread evenly across the surface for amazing results.
- Slow Drying: Oil-based finishes take longer to dry, granting you more time to perfect the finish and eradicate any brush marks or bubbles that may appear.
- Better Penetration: Oil-based finishes sink into the wood with greater intensity, forming a more robust bond and safeguarding its surface from moisture and other environmental factors.
- Better for Outdoor Use: Oil-based finishes are ideal for outdoor projects, as they provide superior protection from water and the elements.
Cons:
- Strong Odor: Applying oil-based finishes can cause a strong, pungent smell that is unpleasant and requires adequate ventilation for safety.
- Longer Drying Time: Working with oil-based finishes requires more patience, as they take longer to dry compared to water-based coatings. As a result, it can be difficult for you to finish your project in a timely manner.
- Requires Solvents for Cleanup: Working with oil-based finishes can be a messy ordeal because solvents such as mineral spirits are necessary for cleanup. What’s more, disposing of the used materials is often laborious and time-consuming.
- Yellowing Over Time: Oil-based finishes are gradually yellow when exposed to either direct sunlight or UV rays, a process that can be accelerated with additional exposure.
- Not Environmentally Friendly: Unlike oil-based finishes, which can be hazardous to the environment by releasing toxic VOCs into the atmosphere, eco-friendly alternatives provide a safer way to finish your project.
- Flammable: To protect your safety, oil-based finishes must be used with extreme caution near open flames or heat sources due to their flammable nature.
Water-Based Finish:
Pros:
- Low Odor: For interior projects, water-based finishes are an ideal choice due to their pleasant smell and low VOC levels.
- Fast Drying: Water-based finishes dry at a faster rate, making it possible to complete your project quicker than ever before.
- Easy Cleanup: Water-based finishes provide you with an incomparable level of convenience, as they can be effortlessly cleaned up using just a little bit of soap and water.
- Clear Finish: The clear, non-yellowing finish of water-based finishes allows the natural color and beauty of wood to shine through.
- Environmentally Friendly: Choose water-based finishes and safeguard the environment, as they emit fewer VOCs into our atmosphere.
- Non-Flammable: Not only are water-based finishes non-flammable, but they also provide a safer and more secure option when exposed to open flames or heat sources.
Cons:
- Less Durable: Compared to oil-based finishes, water-based options tend to be more prone to scratches and wear, making them less durable in the long run.
- Limited Color: Unlike oil-based finishes, water-based ones can darken the wood and leave it looking less vibrant.
- More Coats Needed: Applying multiple coats of water-based finishes may be necessary to achieve the desired protection and finish.
- Hard to Apply: Achieving a smooth finish with water-based finishes demands more effort and skill, making them harder to apply properly.
- More Sensitive to Temperature and Humidity: Water-based finishes require precise environmental control, making them more challenging to apply in various conditions.
- Not Ideal for Outdoor Use: Oil-based finishes are far superior to water-based options when it comes to outdoor use, being much more impervious to moisture and damage caused by the elements.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Finish
When selecting a finish for your woodworking project, it’s essential to consider several factors. Different finishes have varying levels of protection, durability, and aesthetics. Here are six essential factors to consider when choosing a finish:
- Wood Type: When selecting a finish, the type of wood you’re working with is extremely important. Each variety carries its unique characteristics that can influence how your final product appears and its longevity. Species such as cedar or redwood have natural protection from decay and insects so they may not need additional defense against these elements.
- Purpose of the Project: The desired purpose of a project should be carefully considered when selecting the appropriate finish. Weather-resistant, durable finishes are necessary for outdoor furniture whereas indoor furnishings may demand an attractive and low-maintenance option.
- Desired Look: You can make or break the visual appeal of your project with the finish you select. For example, some finishes create a light-reflecting, glossy look while other options provide an understated matte essence that is more natural in appearance. When making this decision, it’s essential to carefully assess what type of aesthetic you want for your finished product and then choose accordingly.
- Level of Protection: The level of protective fortification a finish offers depends on its chemical composition and characteristics. A few finishes have remarkable water, heat, and scratch resistance while other varieties may be more susceptible to wear.
- Application Method: Not only the type of finish but also the technique used to apply it can influence your choice. Certain finishes necessitate special tools or methods while others may be effortlessly applied with a brush or spray gun.
- Environmental Impact: When selecting a finish for your project, it’s essential to consider the environmental consequences. Many finishes could contain toxic chemicals that may release hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere, which can be detrimental to you and nature alike. As such, opt for eco-friendly solutions or those low in VOCs – this will help minimize your impact on the environment.
Tips for Maintaining a Finished Surface
Once you’ve spent the time and effort to finish the surface, you’ll want to ensure that it lasts as long as possible. Here are six tips to help you maintain the appearance and longevity of a finished surface:
- Clean regularly with a soft, damp cloth: It’s important to clean regularly. This will help you avoid scratches or discoloration caused by dirt and grime accumulation. Use a soft, moist cloth for wiping down the area – never use abrasive cleaners or scrub brushes which can leave unwanted marks on the finish.
- Avoid harsh chemicals: To protect the integrity and luster of a finished surface, steer clear from using ammonia or bleach as cleaning agents. Furthermore, abstain from utilizing any chemicals that may contain these two elements to avert discoloration or destruction.
- Use coasters and trivets: Keep your surfaces safe from heat damage and stains by using coasters or trivets for hot dishes and glasses – it’s a simple but effective way to protect the finish.
- Keep the surface dry: To prevent the wood from warping or swelling, it is paramount to keep its surface dry. As soon as any liquid spills occur, make sure you wipe them up immediately and avoid placing anything on the wood that may be wet.
- Avoid direct sunlight: To prevent fading or cracking of the finish, it’s best to shield furniture and other items with finished surfaces from direct sunlight. Utilizing blinds, curtains, or another alternative will help diffuse the light for optimal protection.
- Reapply finish as needed: With consistent use, a finish can become worn or ruined. To preserve the surface and maintain its original luster, apply a new finish to it as soon as you start noticing damage.
What is Polycrylic?
Polycrylic is a water-based finish that is made up of four main elements: acrylic resin, methyl methacrylate, alcohol, and water. The acrylic resin provides durability and protection against scratches and stains, while the methyl methacrylate helps to create a smooth finish. The alcohol and water help to thin the finish and make it easier to apply.
Polycrylic is a favorite among DIY-ers who wish to improve the look of their indoor wooden items, like cabinets, tables, and doors. It works especially well as a topcoat for lighter wood surfaces such as birch or maple since the finish is clear and will not change the color tint of these types of woods.
Polyurethane wood finish is recommended for use on wood surfaces that will be exposed to heavy wear. It can be used indoors or outdoors, on surfaces that are finished or unfinished.
What is Polyurethane?
Polyurethane is a synthetic resin that is commonly used as a wood finish. Polyurethane is made up of two main components: a resin and a hardener. When these two components are mixed together, they create a chemical reaction that results in a hard, durable finish.
Polyurethane is a very popular wood finish because it is highly durable and resists fading and chipping. It is also moisture-resistant, which makes it a great choice for kitchens and bathrooms.
It is available in both oil-based and water-based formulas.
Oil-Based Polyurethane
Oil-based Polyurethanes are made with oils, solvents, and urethane resin. They are usually applied with a brush or a spray gun. These finishes are tough and durable but can also be difficult to work with. They can give your project a high gloss finish, or they can be used to create a satin or matte effect.
Water-Based Polyurethane
Water-based Polyurethanes are made with water and urethane resin. They are usually applied with a brush or roller. These finishes are also tough and durable, but they tend to be less glossy than oil-based Polyurethanes. Both types of Polyurethane will protect your project from scratches and staining, but oil-based Polyurethanes tend to be more durable.
FAQs:
Can I use Polycrylic over Polyurethane?
It is generally not recommended to use Polycrylic over Polyurethane as it may not adhere properly to the surface. However, if the Polyurethane finish is fully cured and sanded, a light coat of Polycrylic can be applied over it.
How long does Polycrylic take to dry?
Polycrylic typically takes 2-4 hours to dry to the touch and can be re-coated in 2 hours. However, it is important to allow the finish to dry completely before handling or using the surface.
How many coats of Polyurethane do I need?
The number of coats of Polyurethane needed depends on the desired level of protection and sheen. Generally, 2-3 coats are recommended, with sanding between coats for optimal adhesion.
Can I apply Polyurethane without sanding?
While it is possible to apply Polyurethane without sanding, it is not recommended as it may result in poor adhesion and a rough finish. Sanding between coats also helps to remove any dust or debris that may have settled on the surface.
How do I remove Polyurethane or Polycrylic from a surface?
To remove Polyurethane or Polycrylic from a surface, a paint stripper or sandpaper can be used. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and wear protective gear during the removal process.
Can I apply Polyurethane or Polycrylic over the paint?
Yes, Polyurethane and Polycrylic can be applied over paint as long as the paint is fully cured and sanded. However, it is recommended to test a small area first to ensure proper adhesion and compatibility with the paint.
Conclusion
Polycrylic is a water-based protective finish that can be used on both unfinished and finished wood. It dries fast, is easy to apply, and is durable. However, it can also be sticky when wet, difficult to remove, and has a long drying time. On the other hand, Polyurethane is an oil-based protective finish that can be used on both unfinished and finished wood. It’s extremely durable and can be applied in a variety of ways. Be sure to choose the right product for your project.
