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For the passionate woodworker, DIYer or novice carpenter, defining which type of wood finish is right for your project can be daunting. With an abundance of materials to choose from, it’s hard to decide what will work best. To aid you in making a wise selection that guarantees a beautiful outcome and extended longevity of your wooden creation, this guide contains all the necessary information about popular finishes – their characteristics, strengths and weaknesses – along with tips on applying them properly and keeping them maintained over time.
What Is A Wood Finish?
A wood finish is a protective layer that is applied to wood surfaces to enhance their natural beauty, protect them from damage, and extend their lifespan. It can also change the color, texture, and shine of the wood. The choice of wood finish depends on the type of wood, the desired appearance, and the level of protection required. There are two main types of wood finishes: oil-based and water-based.
Oil-Based vs Water-Based Finishes
When it comes to choosing between oil-based and water-based finishes, there are several factors to consider. Here’s a comparison of the two types of finishes:
1. Durability
Both oil-based and water-based finishes are durable and provide long-lasting protection against environmental damage. However, oil-based finishes tend to be more durable and provide better protection against moisture and UV rays.
2. VOC emissions
Water-based finishes emit fewer VOCs than oil-based finishes, making them a more environmentally friendly option.
3. Drying time
Water-based finishes dry much quicker than oil-based finishes, often in just a few hours. Oil-based finishes, on the other hand, can take several hours or even days to dry completely.
4. Appearance
Oil-based finishes tend to enhance the natural beauty of the wood, giving it a warm, rich appearance. Water-based finishes, on the other hand, tend to have a more artificial appearance and don’t enhance the natural beauty of the wood as well.
5. Ease of application
Oil-based finishes are easy to apply and don’t require specialized tools or techniques. Water-based finishes can be more challenging to apply and may require specialized tools or techniques.
1. Oil-based finishes
Oil-based finishes are made from a mixture of natural oils and solvents. They are popular for their warm, natural look and easy application. Some of the most popular oil-based finishes include tung oil, linseed oil, and Danish oil.
Advantages of oil-based finishes include
- Warm, natural look: Oil-based finishes enhance the natural beauty of the wood and give it a warm, rich appearance.
- Easy application: Oil-based finishes are easy to apply and don’t require specialized tools or techniques. Simply brush or wipe on the finish and let it dry.
- Durable: Oil-based finishes are highly durable and provide long-lasting protection against environmental damage.
However, there are also some disadvantages to consider
- Slow drying time: Oil-based finishes can take several hours or even days to dry completely.
- Strong odor: Oil-based finishes have a strong odor that can be overpowering and linger for days.
- Health concerns: Some oil-based finishes contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be harmful to human health and the environment.
2. Water-based finishes
Water-based finishes are a popular choice for many wood projects due to their fast drying time, low VOC emissions, and ease of clean up. Here’s a closer look at some of the most popular water-based finishes:
1. Polyurethane: Polyurethane is a highly durable and protective finish that provides a clear, glossy appearance. It’s available in both a gloss and a satin finish and can be used on a variety of wood projects, including floors, furniture, and cabinetry.
2. Acrylic: Acrylic finishes are a popular choice for their fast drying time and low VOC emissions. They provide a clear, glossy appearance and are ideal for use on fine wood furniture, cabinetry, and trim.
3. Latex: Latex finishes are water-based and provide a matte or satin finish. They are ideal for use on painted surfaces and are a popular choice for home interiors.
Water-based finishes are made from a mixture of resins, solvents, and water. They are popular for their fast drying time, low VOC emissions, and ease of clean up. Some of the most popular water-based finishes include polyurethane, acrylic, and latex.
Advantages
- Fast drying time: Water-based finishes dry quickly, often in just a few hours.
- Low VOC emissions: Water-based finishes emit fewer VOCs than oil-based finishes, making them a more environmentally friendly option.
- Easy cleanup: Water-based finishes clean up easily with just soap and water.
Disadvantages
- Less warm, natural look: Water-based finishes tend to have a more artificial appearance and don’t enhance the natural beauty of the wood as well as oil-based finishes.
- Can be more difficult to apply: Water-based finishes can be more challenging to apply and may require specialized tools or techniques.
Comparing Oil-Based and Water-Based Finishes
Deciding between oil-based and water-based finishes is largely a matter of personal preference and the particulars of your project. Oil-based finishes provide a warm, organic look that can be simply repaired if needed, making it ideal for outdoor use as well as good waterproofing capabilities. Water-base finishings produce an exceedingly hard coating resistant to scratches with easy cleanup – perfect for indoor applications! Additionally, they are much more eco friendly compared to oil based products.
Additional Types of Wood Finishes
When it comes to wood finishes, there are several options available for any project. If you’re looking for a soft and smooth finish that is easy to apply try wax based finishes. For ultimate durability and glossy shine opt for shellac which is a natural resin. Varnish gives your wood piece an incredibly hard-wearing surface perfect for outdoor use, while stains will add colour without hiding the grain of the wood underneath.
Types of Wood Finish: FAQs
What is the best type of finish for outdoor wood projects?
Varnish is the optimum finish for outdoor wood projects as it imparts a hard and lasting cover which can withstand moisture, chemicals, UV rays and other elements. Whether you’re working on decks, fences or any exterior wooden pieces of furniture – varnish will provide the most secure protection available. Although applying and maintaining varnish requires more effort than with other finishes; one cannot deny that its ultimate durability outweighs this minor inconvenience – plus it has an added bonus of darkening your wood’s color!
Can I mix oil-based and water-based finishes?
Without a doubt, oil-based and water-based finishes cannot be blended. This is because they consist of different chemical compositions that can react detrimentally with one another when combined, creating an uneven finish in the end product.
Can oil-based finishes be used on exterior surfaces?
Yes, oil-based finishes can be used on exterior surfaces, but they are typically used for interior surfaces. Exterior surfaces are exposed to more environmental elements and require a more durable finish. A water-based finish may be a better option for exterior surfaces.
What is the difference between a gloss and a satin finish?
A gloss finish provides a highly reflective, glossy appearance. A satin finish provides a less reflective, more muted appearance.
Can water-based finishes be used on furniture?
Yes, water-based finishes can be used on furniture, but they tend to provide a less warm, natural appearance than oil-based finishes.
Conclusion On Types of Wood Finish
Achieving the perfect look and lasting durability of your wooden project depends on selecting the best wood finish. Oil-based finishes offer a warm, natural appearance that are simple to repair while water-based finishes provide an incredibly hard and scratch-resistant surface that can be easily cleaned. Depending upon your needs for the particular task at hand, other options such as wax, shellac, varnish or stain may also work well. Making an educated decision is essential to achieving the desired outcome. Whether you are staining furniture, refinishing a floor or protecting an outdoor structure, understanding the various characteristics and benefits of each type of finish will be pivotal in determining your success. With this knowledge at hand, you’ll find that selecting the right finish can make all the difference.
Related: Top 5 Best Varnish for Plywood: Updated Reviews 2021
